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Menopausal Problems

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Dr. Sarbani Ghosh, Best Gynaecologist in Kolkata, treating menopausal symptoms

What is Menopause?

Menopause is the natural biological process marking the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a period. It typically occurs between ages 45–55, with the average around 51 years.

What Causes Menopause?

  • Natural aging: Ovaries gradually produce less estrogen and progesterone.

  • Surgical menopause: Removal of ovaries (oophorectomy).

  • Medical treatments: Chemotherapy or radiation affecting the ovaries.

  • Primary ovarian insufficiency: Early menopause before age 40.

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    Common Menopausal Problems

    1. Vasomotor Symptoms

  • Hot flashes (flushes): Sudden heat sensation, sweating, palpitations.

  • Night sweats: Excessive sweating often at night soaking the pillows Impending

    • 2. Menstrual Irregularities
  • Although infrequent periods may be a sign of impending menopause, excessive,heavy or irregular bleeding and also very frequent bleeding less than every 21 days should be treated with concern and a gynaecologist should be consulted urgently.

    • 3. Vaginal and Urinary Changes
  • Vaginal dryness and discomfort

  • Painful intercourse (dyspareunia)

  • Increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs)

    • 4. Psychological and Cognitive Symptoms
  • Mood swings, anxiety, irritability

  • Depression

  • Memory issues, “brain fog”

  • Sleep disturbances (often due to hot flashes)

    • 5. Sexual Dysfunction
  • Reduced libido

  • Vaginal tightness or dryness

    • 6. Skin, Hair, and Body Changes
  • Dry, thinning skin

  • Hair thinning or loss

  • Decreased muscle mass

  • Vaginal tightness or dryness

    • Phases of Menopause

    01 Perimenopause (Menopausal transition):

  • Starts 2-4 years before menopause.

  • While delayed cycles and scanty bleeding is fairly common, doctor’s advice should be sought for too frequent bleeding and irregular and very heavy bleeding.

    • 02 Menopause:

  • Menopause is finally confirmed (retrospectively confirmed after 12 months of no periods).

    • 03 Postmenopause:

  • The years after menopause.

  • Estrogen remains low, risk for certain health problems increases.
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